Using Quinolin-4-Ones as Convenient Common Precursors for a Metal-Free Total Synthesis of Both Dubamine and Graveoline Alkaloids and Diverse Structural Analogues

Abstract

The Rutaceae family is one of the most studied plant families due to the large number of alkaloids isolated from them with outstanding biological properties, among them the quinoline-based alkaloids Graveoline 1 and Dubamine 2. The most common methods for the synthesis of alkaloids 1 and 2 and their derivatives involves cycloaddition reactions or metal-catalyzed coupling processes but with some limitations in scope and functionalization of the quinoline moiety. As a continuation of our current studies on the synthesis and chemical transformation of 2-aminochalcones, we are reporting here an efficient metal-free approach for the total synthesis of alkaloids 1 and 2 along with their analogues with structural diversity, through a two-step sequence involving intramolecular cyclization, oxidation/aromatization, N-methylation and oxidative C-C bond processes, starting from dihydroquinolin-4-ones as common precursors for the construction of the structures of both classes of alkaloids.

Keywords

• 2-aminochalcones
• <i>Rutaceae</i> family
• quinolines
• metal-free conditions
• Graveoline and Dubamine alkaloids
• anticancer agents