Molecules (Jul 2023)

Proteomics Studies Suggest That Nitric Oxide Donor Furoxans Inhibit In Vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Nitric Oxide-Independent Mechanisms

  • Loretta Lazzarato,
  • Laura Bianchi,
  • Annapaola Andolfo,
  • Agnese Granata,
  • Matteo Lombardi,
  • Matteo Sinelli,
  • Barbara Rolando,
  • Marina Carini,
  • Alberto Corsini,
  • Roberta Fruttero,
  • Lorenzo Arnaboldi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155724
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 28, no. 15
p. 5724

Abstract

Read online

Physiologically, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells strictly cooperate to maintain vasal homeostasis. In atherosclerosis, where this equilibrium is altered, molecules providing exogenous NO and able to inhibit SMC proliferation may represent valuable antiatherosclerotic agents. Searching for dual antiproliferative and NO-donor molecules, we found that furoxans significantly decreased SMC proliferation in vitro, albeit with different potencies. We therefore assessed whether this property is dependent on their thiol-induced ring opening. Indeed, while furazans (analogues unable to release NO) are not effective, furoxans’ inhibitory potency parallels with the electron-attractor capacity of the group in 3 of the ring, making this effect tunable. To demonstrate whether their specific block on G1-S phase could be NO-dependent, we supplemented SMCs with furoxans and inhibitors of GMP- and/or of the polyamine pathway, which regulate NO-induced SMC proliferation, but they failed in preventing the antiproliferative effect. To find the real mechanism of this property, our proteomics studies revealed that eleven cellular proteins (with SUMO1 being central) and networks involved in cell homeostasis/proliferation are modulated by furoxans, probably by interaction with adducts generated after degradation. Altogether, thanks to their dual effect and pharmacological flexibility, furoxans may be evaluated in the future as antiatherosclerotic molecules.

Keywords