Women experiencing homelessness in Dire Dawa city: Coping mechanisms and suggestions to stakeholder, 2021

Abstract

Background: In Ethiopia, the number of homeless girls and women is increasing, and the government has yet to devise a strategy to address the issue of teenage homelessness. They are influenced by numerous dimensions of health, including physical health, mental health, and social isolation. At all stages of homelessness, the stakeholders and homeless people must work together to address the issue. As a result, this study will be helpful to generate relevant data that may guide policymakers in designing solutions for this underserved group of people. Objectives: To explore coping mechanisms and suggestions to stakeholders among women experiencing homelessness in Dire Dawa city, eastern Ethiopia, 2021. Design: A community-based phenomenological qualitative study was conducted at Dire Dawa city. Methods: Data were collected from women experiencing homelessness and key informants through focus group discussion and in-depth interviews using a semi-structured tool. A total of 31 women experiencing homelessness (13 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussion with 6 participants in each) and 2 key informants participated in this study. Data were analyzed thematically using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti 7. The thematic analysis follows six steps: familiarization, coding, generating themes, reviewing themes, naming themes, and writing up. Results: Two major themes were driven: coping mechanisms and suggestions to stakeholders. There are three subthemes under the coping mechanism (begging, survival sex, and child prostitution) while there are a total of seven subthemes under suggestions to stakeholders (integration and collaboration, special attention to children, family education, shelter and job, schooling, sexual education, and addiction rehabilitation). Conclusion: Child prostitution and survival sex are a very common coping mechanism which is practiced by women experiencing homelessness. Changing society’s mindset and paying special attention to children is critical. Furthermore, the government and various stakeholders should work together to develop a rehabilitation program for street children who have been exposed to substance use.