Tualang honey supplementation as cognitive enhancer in patients with schizophrenia
Rosliza Yahaya,
Mohd Nizam Zahary,
Zahiruddin Othman,
Rusli Ismail,
Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin Nik Him,
Aniza Abd Aziz,
Rahima Dahlan,
Azizul Fadzli Jusoh
Affiliations
Rosliza Yahaya
Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Mohd Nizam Zahary
Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Zahiruddin Othman
School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
Rusli Ismail
Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin Nik Him
Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Aniza Abd Aziz
Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Rahima Dahlan
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Azizul Fadzli Jusoh
Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness with clusters of symptoms, including cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the effect of Tualang Honey (TH) on cognitive domains, especially as it pertained to the verbal memory of schizophrenia patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional study involved 80 individuals, diagnosed with schizophrenia. The Malay Version Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MVAVLT) was used. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 software. Intention to treat analysis was applied. Result: A comparison of the total learning score at eight weeks between the two groups based on time effect and time-treatment interaction favoured TH group. Conclusion: This study concludes that by supplementing schizophrenia patients with 8-week of TH did improve total learning performance across domains in the immediate memory among patients with schizophrenia.