Application of ISSR-PCR, IRAP-PCR, REMAP-PCR, and ITAP-PCR in the assessment of genomic changes in the early generation of triticale

Abstract

Analysis of structural changes of octoploid triticale genomes was conducted in F2 and F3 generations. The plants were derived from crosses of five cultivars and breeding lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with one cultivar of rye (Secale cereale L). The study used four marker systems: inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP), and a technique named inter-transposon amplified polymorphism (ITAP) developed by the authors. Most frequently, elimination of specific bands was observed, especially of rye bands. Depending on the cross combination, the percentage of eliminated rye bands ranged from 73.6 to 80.6 %. A lower percentage of wheat bands was eliminated, i.e., from 57.6 to 76.48 %, depending on the combination of crosses. The emergence of new types of bands in hybrids absent in the parental forms was the rarest phenomenon (14.5-17.9 %). The results indicate the ongoing process of genome rearrangements at the molecular level in the early generations of plant crosses that also involve repeated nucleotide sequences of DNA.

Keywords

• dominant dna markers
• mobile elements
• retrotransposons
• transposons