The Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Combination Drug Treatment of Enteromorpha Prolifera Polysaccaharide and Doxorubicin Hydrochloride on A549 Cell

Abstract

Background: As a common drug for tumor therapy, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is not yet widely used as a clinical solution. This is due to its toxicity and potential drug resistance. Objective: This study investigated the inhibitory effect of enteromorpha prolifera polysaccaharide (EPP) combined with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) on A549 cells, which fall into the cell line of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It also explained the attenuated and synergistic effect of enteromorpha acid polysaccharide along with its synergistic effect on DOX. Methods: To evaluate the proliferation inhibitory effect of EPP, DOX and both combined, we monitored cell growth curve and morphology using the real-time cell function analysis and imaging system—xCELLigence RTCA eSight system (eSight system). Flow cytometry was used to monitor cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution. Mitochondrial function was tested by the energy metabolism analysis system. Results: EPP could work with DOX to inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. Growth curve showed that when 0.4 mg/mL of EPP was mixed with 0.2 µg/mL of DOX for 24 h, the mixure liquid had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 cells (p < 0.0001). The cells had lower cell adhesiveness, shrinking cell membrane, cytoplasmic aggregation, and hyperchromatic nuclei. According to the flow cytometry results, the combined drug of EPP and DOX could significantly increase the apoptosis rate of A549 cells (p < 0.0001), and block the cell cycle in the G1-S phase. Based on the results of the real-time energy metabolism, we found that the combined drug could significantly reduce A549 cells’ ATP production rate and inhibit their mitochondrial respiratory function. Conclusions: The combination of EPP and DOX can block cell cycle, inhibit cell mitochondrial function, promote cell apoptosis, and enhance the killing ability of DOX on tumor cells. This study supports the antitumor activity of enterococcus acid polysaccharide and provides insights on reducing doxorubicin toxicity and drug resistance. It holds great significance for applying traditional Chinese natural medicine in clinical disease treatment.

Keywords

• non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc)
• enteromorpha prolifera polysaccaharide (epp)
• doxorubicin hydrochloride (dox)
• synergistic inhibition