Appraisal of the Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenolic Content, and Characterization of Selected Himalayan Herbs: Anti-Proliferative Potential in HepG2 Cells
Sumaira Yousuf,
Shabnam Shabir,
Simran Kauts,
Tarun Minocha,
Ahmad A. Obaid,
Anmar A. Khan,
Abdulrahman Mujalli,
Yahya F. Jamous,
Sarah Almaghrabi,
Bandar K. Baothman,
Ahmed Hjazi,
Sandeep K. Singh,
Emanuel Vamanu,
Mahendra P. Singh
Affiliations
Sumaira Yousuf
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
Shabnam Shabir
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
Simran Kauts
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
Tarun Minocha
Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Ahmad A. Obaid
Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
Anmar A. Khan
Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
Abdulrahman Mujalli
Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
Yahya F. Jamous
National Center of Vaccines and Bio Processing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
Sarah Almaghrabi
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Bandar K. Baothman
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Hjazi
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Ab dulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Sandeep K. Singh
Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
Emanuel Vamanu
Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
Mahendra P. Singh
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
Natural antioxidants derived from plants have played a vital role in preventing a wide range of human chronic conditions and provide novel bioactive leads for investigators in pharmacotherapy discovery. This work was designed to examine the ethnopharmacological role of Urtica dioica (UD), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CBP), and Inula racemosa (IR). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were illustrated through colorimetric assays, while the antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH and ABTS assays. The evaluation of phytochemicals by FT-IR of UD and CBP revealed high contents of aliphatic amines, while IR showed a major peak for ketones. The antioxidant activity, TPC and TFC were highest in the ethanol extract of UD, followed by CBP, and IR showed the lowest activity. All of the extracts revealed significant antioxidant capacities along a dosage gradient. Through a HPLC analysis at a wavelength of 280 nm, UD leaves demonstrated an intense peak of quercetin, and the peak for rutin was less intense. CBP (whole plant), instead, demonstrated a major yield of rutin, and a peak for quercetin was not observed in CBP. IR (rhizomes) showed both quercetin and rutin. All of the extracts were significantly cytotoxic to HepG2 cells after 48 h with the trend IR > UD > CBP. The outcomes of this study may be effective in the selection of specific plants as realistic sources of the bioactive components that might be useful in the nutraceutical progression and other biomedical efficacies.
