Microorganisms (Jan 2025)
COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Angel Justiz-Vaillant,
- Kimberly Roopnarine,
- Shaundell Solomon,
- Alyssa Phillips,
- Solange Sandy,
- Alyssa Subero,
- Sarah Seepersad,
- Nicholas Span,
- Phalmanie Ramnath,
- Akaasha Ramnarine,
- Bimala Ramdath,
- Chelsea Rampaul,
- Renissa Ramdial,
- Dana Phagoo,
- Thalia Ramdhanie,
- Vinaya Moonilal,
- Emily-Marie Poliah,
- Steffan Poonwassie,
- Karishta Punilal,
- Sarah Panchoo,
- Justice Parris,
- Steven Oudit,
- Trudy Muir,
- Johnson Nicholas-Joseph,
- Bijey Raj Pandit,
- Sanjeev Pakeerah,
- Vesham Sookoo,
- Patrice Richards,
- Tishia John,
- Darren Gopaul,
- Sachin Soodeen,
- Odette Arozarena-Barbosa,
- Arlene Williams,
- Chandrashehkar Unakal,
- Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora,
- Reinand Thompson,
- Patrick Eberechi Akpaka
Affiliations
- Angel Justiz-Vaillant
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Kimberly Roopnarine
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Shaundell Solomon
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Alyssa Phillips
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Solange Sandy
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Alyssa Subero
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Sarah Seepersad
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Nicholas Span
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Phalmanie Ramnath
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Akaasha Ramnarine
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Bimala Ramdath
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Chelsea Rampaul
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Renissa Ramdial
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Dana Phagoo
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Thalia Ramdhanie
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Vinaya Moonilal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Emily-Marie Poliah
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Steffan Poonwassie
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Karishta Punilal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Sarah Panchoo
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Justice Parris
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Steven Oudit
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Trudy Muir
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Johnson Nicholas-Joseph
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Bijey Raj Pandit
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Sanjeev Pakeerah
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Vesham Sookoo
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Patrice Richards
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Tishia John
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Darren Gopaul
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Sachin Soodeen
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Odette Arozarena-Barbosa
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Arlene Williams
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Chandrashehkar Unakal
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Reinand Thompson
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- Patrick Eberechi Akpaka
- Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and Tobago
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010135
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13,
no. 1
p. 135
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of various COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on Trinidad and Tobago. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated the highest efficacy, particularly against COVID-19 variants, while Janssen and Sinopharm were comparatively less effective. mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca, were associated with more frequent and severe side effects, including soreness, fever, and cardiovascular issues. The review also identified significant gaps in the current scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccination issues in Trinidad and Tobago. These gaps highlight the need for comprehensive research to address vaccination challenges, including public health communication, equitable access, and local perceptions of vaccine safety. This analysis provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness in the region.
Keywords
