Наука и техника (Oct 2014)
VERTICAL PROJECTION EFFICIENCY OF PIVOT POINTS USING ELECTRONIC TACHEOMETER DURING CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Abstract
The paper shows that functional limitation of zenith devices and introduction of modern high-accuracy electronic tacheometers should lead to substitution of the mentioned devices for tacheometers in geodesic works concerning vertical projection of pivot points of the constructed buildings and structures. However the electronic tacheometer has not been considered in the function of a zenith device in ТКП 45-1.03-26-2006.Special experiemnts and practical works executed by UE “Geokart” has proved that in accordance with its design the electronic tacheometer equipped with a compensator for small inclinations and zenith prism attachment for ocular can be applied as a vertical projection device while setting sighting line of a telescope in a fixed vertical position. Corresponding experiments have been carried out for multi-storied building of business centre located in the M. Tank Street in Minsk in order to obtain comparative characteristics of vertical projection accuracy with the help of tacheometer TOPCON GPT 7501 and zenith device PZL-100. An initial point of the staked grid has been situated at the elevation ±0,0 м, standard graph elevation has been equal to +49,5 м (concrete slab of the 14th floor), projection height referred to the device has been equal to Н = 47,8 м. Both devices have been set on the same stand using a purpose made adaptive device in order to exclude centering errors. Deviation in position of final projection points on the standard graph which were obtained with the help of two devices has been equal to 1.2 mm, that testifies practical equal accuracy of the zenith device and tacheometer for vertical projection function.Additional advantage of the electronic tacheometer in comparison with special vertical projection devi ces lies in the fact that in the case of a certain misalignment of geodesic openings in intermediate floors ta- cheometer deviating from the vertical makes it possible to carry out initial point transfer to mounting horizon using inclined projection in the point with plane coordinates which differ from initial point coordinates within the limits of apparent standard graph area. Such point can be indicated with the help of dot L.E.D. located on standard graph. Its spatial polar and rectangular coordinates on horizontal plane are determined by angular measurements with readings along both bearing circles of the electronic tacheometer and projection height.Production practice and executed experiments have permitted to make the following conclusions: a modern electronic tacheometer equipped with ocular attachment for telescope sighting in the zenith direction can be and must be efficiently applied for vertical point projection of internal geodetic base of a constructed building or a structure. The mentioned device ensures transfer of geodetic base points to mounting horizon not only vertically but also with inclination of a projected beam within sequential visibility of openings in intermediate floors that allows to adapt projection trajectory to specific conditions of its passing.
