Factors associated with abdominal pain in patients submitted to colonoscopy

Abstract

Objective: The study evaluated factors associated with abdominal pain during colonoscopy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study that evaluated patients who underwent colonoscopy between February 2014 and February 2015. Physical characteristics, surgical history and previous colonoscopies, indication and current examination conditions, fentanyl and midazolam dose, and pain level were analyzed. Significance level adopted: p < 0.05. Chi-squared test was used for association of categorical variables, Student's t-test was applied for comparison of means, and Spearman's coefficient was used for correlation. Results: A total of 566 women and 391 men with mean age of 54.81 years and mean BMI of 27,064 were evaluated. Of the total, 29 (3.0%) had mild pain, 42 (4.4%) had moderate pain, and 18 (1.9%) had severe pain. Women were less tolerant (p = 0.011) and had longer cecal intubation times (p = 0.001). Mean duration of colonoscopy and mean dose of midazolam were higher in patients with pain (p = 0.001), (p < 0.001*). Among the 39 patients with an incomplete examination, 8 reported pain (p = 0.049). Conclusion: Female gender and prolonged intubation time were significantly associated with abdominal pain during colonoscopy. Patients with discomfort had a higher failure rate on the exam. Additional doses of midazolam given to patients with pain were not effective. Resumo: Objetivo: O estudo avaliou fatores associados à dor abdominal durante a colonoscopia. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, que avaliou pacientes que realizaram colonoscopia entre Fevereiro de 2014 e Fevereiro de 2015. Analisou-se características físicas, histórico cirúrgico e colonoscopias prévias, indicação e condições do exame atual, dose de fentanil e midazolam e nível de dor. Nível de significância adotado: p <0,05. Utilizou-se teste Qui-quadrado para associação de variáveis categóricas, teste t de Student para comparação de médias e coeficiente de Spearman para correlação. Resultados: Avaliou-se 566 mulheres e 391 homens, com média de idade de 54,81 anos e IMC médio de 27,064. Do total, 29 (3,0%) tiveram dor leve, 42 (4,4%) dor moderada e 18 (1,9%) dor intensa. As mulheres foram menos tolerantes (p = 0,011) e tiveram maior tempo de intubação cecal (p = 0,001). A duração média da colonoscopia e dose média de midazolam administrada foram maiores nos pacientes com dor (p = 0,001), (p < 0,001*). Entre os 39 pacientes com exame incompleto, 8 relataram dor (p = 0,049). Conclusão: Gênero feminino e tempo de intubação prolongado tiveram associação significativa com dor abdominal durante a colonoscopia. Pacientes com desconforto tiveram uma taxa maior de insucesso no exame. Doses adicionais de midazolam administradas nos pacientes com dor não foram efetivas. Keywords: Colonoscopy, Conscious sedation, Abdominal pain, Sedation, Palavras-chave: Colonoscopia, Sedação consciente, Dor abdominal, Sedação