Monitoring of Metal(loid)s Using <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> Stapf Leaves along a Highway Located Close to an Urban Region: Health Risks for Tollbooth Workers
Ademir da Silva Alves Junior,
Marta Aratuza Pereira Ancel,
Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia,
Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo,
Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães,
Karine de Cássia Freitas,
Danielle Bogo,
Priscila Aiko Hiane,
Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela,
Valter Aragão do Nascimento
Affiliations
Ademir da Silva Alves Junior
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Marta Aratuza Pereira Ancel
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Karine de Cássia Freitas
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Danielle Bogo
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Priscila Aiko Hiane
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Valter Aragão do Nascimento
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
Studies on tollbooth workers involving the concentration of metal(loid)s in highway dust are scarce. We aimed to assess the levels of metal(loid)s in soils and washed and unwashed leaves of Brachiaria decumbens on roadsides. Dust deposition and heavy metal content in the leaves are used to estimate the exposure of tollbooth workers to oral, inhalation, and dermal ingestion of metals in highway dust. The concentrations of aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) in washed and unwashed soil and leaves were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that soils along highways had a high concentration of heavy metals. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb near the roundabout and tollbooth are higher than the concentrations at the points between them. The highest transfer factor values were determined for aluminum. In the case of the non-carcinogenic effect, the hazard index (HI < 1) of tollbooth workers due to oral exposure to street dust containing metal(loid)s is higher than dermal contact and inhalation. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk showed a high potential carcinogenic risk for As and Cd.