Investigating Photo-Degradation as a Potential Pheromone Production Pathway in Spotted Lanternfly, <i>Lycorma delicatula</i>

Hajar Faal; Isaiah J. Canlas; Allard Cossé; Tappey H. Jones; Daniel Carrillo; Miriam F. Cooperband

doi:10.3390/insects14060551

Insects (Jun 2023)

Investigating Photo-Degradation as a Potential Pheromone Production Pathway in Spotted Lanternfly, <i>Lycorma delicatula</i>

Hajar Faal,
Isaiah J. Canlas,
Allard Cossé,
Tappey H. Jones,
Daniel Carrillo,
Miriam F. Cooperband

Affiliations

Hajar Faal: Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA—APHIS—PPQ S&T, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA
Isaiah J. Canlas: Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA—APHIS—PPQ S&T, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA
Allard Cossé: Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA—APHIS—PPQ S&T, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA
Tappey H. Jones: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
Daniel Carrillo: Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA
Miriam F. Cooperband: Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA—APHIS—PPQ S&T, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14060551
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 6
p. 551

Abstract

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Since its discovery in North America in 2014, the spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula, has become an economic, ecological, and nuisance pest there. Developing early detection and monitoring tools is critical to their mitigation and control. Previous research found evidence that SLF may use pheromones to help locate each other for aggregation or mating. Pheromone production necessitates specific conditions by the insects, and these must be investigated and described. A chemical process called photo-degradation has been described as a final step in the production of pheromones in several diurnal insect species, in which cuticular hydrocarbons were broken down by sunlight into volatile pheromone components. In this study, photo-degradation was investigated as a possible pheromone production pathway for SLF. Extracts from SLF mixed-sex third and fourth nymphs and male or female adults were either exposed to simulated sunlight to produce a photo-degradative reaction (photo-degraded), or not exposed to light (crude), while volatiles were collected. Behavioral bioassays tested for attraction to volatiles from photo-degraded and crude samples and their residues. In third instars, only the volatile samples from photo-degraded mixed-sex extracts were attractive. Fourth instar males were attracted to both crude and photo-degraded residues, and volatiles of photo-degraded mixed-sex extracts. Fourth instar females were attracted to volatiles of crude and photo-degraded mixed-sex extracts, but not to residues. In adults, only males were attracted to body volatiles from crude and photo-degraded extracts of either sex. Examination of all volatile samples using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that most of the identified compounds in photo-degraded extracts were also present in crude extracts. However, the abundance of these compounds in photo-degraded samples were 10 to 250 times more than their abundance in the crude counterparts. Results from behavioral bioassays indicate that photo-degradation probably does not generate a long-range pheromone, but it may be involved in the production of a short-range sex-recognition pheromone in SLF. This study provides additional evidence of pheromonal activity in SLF.

Published in Insects

ISSN: 2075-4450 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/

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