The use of an online survey for collecting food exposure information, Foodbook sub-study, February to April 2015

Abstract

Background: During foodborne illness outbreak investigations, comparing food exposure fre-quencies of cases to those of a control population can help identify suspect food sources. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) conducted an online survey between February and April 2015 to collect seven-day food exposures from a convenience sample. The study period overlapped with a national, population-based exposure survey being conducted via telephone using random digit dialling. A subset of the food exposure questions from the telephone-based survey was included in the online survey. Objective: The online survey study objectives were to: 1) describe the survey methodology, survey respondents and response behaviour; and 2) determine if the online methodology is an appropriate alternative to telephone surveys by comparing food exposures. Methods: The online survey link was distributed via email to employees and public health partners, and was promoted on the PHAC website and social media channels. Results: In total 2,100 surveys were completed. The majority of respondents were female, with high income and education, aged 30 to 39 years. The proportion reporting consuming the food items in the online survey was generally higher than those reported in the telephone survey, with a mean difference of 6.0% (95% CI: 4.2, 7.8). Conclusion: In an outbreak investigation, the 6.0% bias could make it more difficult to detect a difference between the case and control food exposures. Nevertheless, given the speed of re-sponse and lower resource expenditure of online surveys as well as the willing, able and con-venient sample, a bias of 6.0% is considered small enough to be acceptable for future surveys.

Keywords

• online survey
• convenience sample
• food exposures
• foodborne illness
• outbreak investigations
• telephone survey