Cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with obesity: a position paper of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology

Giuliana Valerio; Procolo Di Bonito; Valeria Calcaterra; Valentino Cherubini; Domenico Corica; Luisa De Sanctis; Anna Di Sessa; Maria Felicia Faienza; Elena Fornari; Lorenzo Iughetti; Maria Rosaria Licenziati; Melania Manco; Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice; Anita Morandi; Mariacarolina Salerno; Maria Elisabeth Street; Giuseppina Rosaria Umano; Malgorzata Wasniewska; Claudio Maffeis

doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01767-x

Italian Journal of Pediatrics (Oct 2024)

Cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with obesity: a position paper of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology

Giuliana Valerio,
Procolo Di Bonito,
Valeria Calcaterra,
Valentino Cherubini,
Domenico Corica,
Luisa De Sanctis,
Anna Di Sessa,
Maria Felicia Faienza,
Elena Fornari,
Lorenzo Iughetti,
Maria Rosaria Licenziati,
Melania Manco,
Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice,
Anita Morandi,
Mariacarolina Salerno,
Maria Elisabeth Street,
Giuseppina Rosaria Umano,
Malgorzata Wasniewska,
Claudio Maffeis

Affiliations

Giuliana Valerio: Department of Medical, Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Napoli “Parthenope”
Procolo Di Bonito: Department of Internal Medicine, “S. Maria delle Grazie” Hospital
Valeria Calcaterra: Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital
Valentino Cherubini: Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, “G. Salesi Hospital,”
Domenico Corica: Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina
Luisa De Sanctis: Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin
Anna Di Sessa: Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”
Maria Felicia Faienza: Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
Elena Fornari: Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona
Lorenzo Iughetti: Paediatric Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Maria Rosaria Licenziati: Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santobono- Pausilipon Children’s Hospital
Melania Manco: Preventive and Predictive Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS
Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice: Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”
Anita Morandi: Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona
Mariacarolina Salerno: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”
Maria Elisabeth Street: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
Giuseppina Rosaria Umano: Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”
Malgorzata Wasniewska: Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina
Claudio Maffeis: Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01767-x
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 50, no. 1
pp. 1 – 18

Abstract

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Abstract Despite the implementation of preventive measures to counteract the obesity epidemics, the prevalence of childhood obesity is still alarming all over the world. Childhood obesity is the most common risk factor for both cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In fact, an earlier onset of obesity can cause a greater risk of adiposity tracking across the lifespan and consequently a longer exposure to cardiometabolic risk factors. Accumulating evidence provided by prospective and intervention studies demonstrated the link between pediatric obesity and selected subclinical signs of cardiovascular damage (atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy), or fatal and not fatal cardiovascular events as early as 40 years of age. The numerous guidelines and scientific documents published in the last years demonstrate the relevance of assessing cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with OB. This Position paper, released by experts of the “Childhood Obesity study group” within the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, aims to review the assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors and comorbidities in children and adolescents with OW/OB on the light of the most recent scientific evidence. The main recommendations are: (a) early detection of comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, prediabetes/type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, inactivity, obstructive sleep apnea and decline in kidney function; (b) weight loss treatment, which is associated with a reduction of all cardiometabolic risk factors; (c) specific treatment of comorbidities, through lifestyle modifications or pharmacological treatment added to lifestyle for suitable individuals; d). monitoring comorbidities for mitigating future morbidity and mortality.

Published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics

ISSN: 1720-8424 (Print); 1824-7288 (Online)
Publisher: BMC
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Medicine: Pediatrics
Website: https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/

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