Naringenin Nano-Delivery Systems and Their Therapeutic Applications
Mohammed Bhia,
Mahzad Motallebi,
Banafshe Abadi,
Atefeh Zarepour,
Miguel Pereira-Silva,
Farinaz Saremnejad,
Ana Cláudia Santos,
Ali Zarrabi,
Ana Melero,
Seid Mahdi Jafari,
Mehdi Shakibaei
Affiliations
Mohammed Bhia
Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran
Mahzad Motallebi
Department of Biology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1815163111, Iran
Banafshe Abadi
Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
Atefeh Zarepour
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
Miguel Pereira-Silva
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Farinaz Saremnejad
Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
Ana Cláudia Santos
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Ali Zarrabi
Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
Ana Melero
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vincent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
Seid Mahdi Jafari
Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4918943464, Iran
Mehdi Shakibaei
Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
Naringenin (NRG) is a polyphenolic phytochemical belonging to the class of flavanones and is widely distributed in citrus fruits and some other fruits such as bergamot, tomatoes, cocoa, and cherries. NRG presents several interesting pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the therapeutic potential of NRG is hampered due to its hydrophobic nature, which leads to poor bioavailability. Here, we review a wide range of nanocarriers that have been used as delivery systems for NRG, including polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanosuspensions, and nanoemulsions. These nanomedicine formulations of NRG have been applied as a potential treatment for several diseases, using a wide range of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models and different routes of administration. From this review, it can be concluded that NRG is a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, liver diseases, ocular disorders, inflammatory diseases, skin diseases, and diabetes when formulated in the appropriate nanocarriers.
