Evaluation of Recovery Methods for <i>Fragaria vesca</i> L. Oil: Characteristics, Stability and Bioactive Potential
Magdalena Grajzer,
Benita Wiatrak,
Paulina Jawień,
Łukasz Marczak,
Anna Wojakowska,
Rafał Wiejak,
Edward Rój,
Wojciech Grzebieluch,
Anna Prescha
Affiliations
Magdalena Grajzer
Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Benita Wiatrak
Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
Paulina Jawień
Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
Łukasz Marczak
European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-138 Poznanń, Poland
Anna Wojakowska
European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-138 Poznanń, Poland
Rafał Wiejak
Research Group Supercritical Extraction, Łukasiewicz Research Network–New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
Edward Rój
Research Group Supercritical Extraction, Łukasiewicz Research Network–New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
Wojciech Grzebieluch
Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
Anna Prescha
Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) seed oil (WSO) recovered by two methods—cold pressing (CP) and extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2E)—taking into account the different extraction times, was characterized for its composition and quality. The cytotoxicity assessment of WSOs was also carried out using the normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell line. Tocopherol and total polyphenol contents were significantly higher in WSO recovered by SCO2E, up to 1901.0 and 58.5 mg/kg, respectively, in comparison with CP oil. In CP oil, the highest content of carotenoids and squalene was determined (123.8 and 31.4 mg/kg, respectively). Phytosterol summed up to 5396 mg/kg in WSO collected in 30 min of SCO2E. Moreover, the highest oxidative stability was found for this oil. All studied WSOs were non-cytotoxic in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leaching and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays; however, oils collected by SCO2E in 15 and 30 min were found to be cytotoxic in the tetrazolium salt (MTT) test, with the CC50 at a concentration of 3.4 and 5.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the composition of WSO indicates that, depending on the method of its recovery, seeds can have different bio-potencies and various applications.
