Biodiversity revision of a large arctic region as a basis for its monitoring and protection under conditions of active economic development (Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug, Russia)

Abstract

In the scope of implementing a UNDP / GEF / Ministry of Nature project, a database and a GIS to consider the biodiversity of the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug were developed. They include information on 2035 animal and 1640 plant species, belonging to 15 model groups. Data were obtained using publications and unpublished sources, the results of studying collections / herbaria of four institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and data of fieldwork (2015) conducted in three coastal areas of Bolshezemelskaya Tundra. The taxonomic richness of the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug biota is not lower (even higher in some animal groups) than in other large Arctic regions (e.g. Taymyr and Greenland). Some new vegetation syntaxa have been described. And some phytogeographic boundaries have been established. Several animal taxa have been described for the first time for science. Some of species were neither previously recorded in the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug nor formerly known from Europe («Siberian» species), nor from Russia. Concerning types of ranges, the proportion of species having predominantly Siberian / East Palaearctic / Siberian-Nearctic ranges varied in different model groups from 0% to 30%. The fraction of arctic (in a wide sense) species ranged from 0% to 29%. We considered the status of the natural environment of the Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug to be satisfactory so far as its destruction is particularly local. We strongly confirm the need to create new Protected Areas. The material obtained during the project processing has been applied to the organisation of sanctuaries in the Khaipudyrskaya Bay and Pakhancheskaya Bay, Barents Sea.

Keywords

• biological value
• fauna
• flora
• geobotanical subdivision
• local flora
• map
• marshes
• Protected Area
• technogenic pressure