Two-Month Consumption of Orange Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3 and Probiotics Decreases Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Blood Lipids, and Arterial Blood Pressure in High-Cardiometabolic-Risk Patients on a Westernized Type Diet: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Emilia Papakonstantinou,
Nikolaos Zacharodimos,
Georgios Georgiopoulos,
Christina Athanasaki,
Dionysia-Lydia Bothou,
Sofia Tsitsou,
Foteini Lympaki,
Stamatia Vitsou-Anastasiou,
Olga S. Papadopoulou,
Dimitrios Delialis,
Evangelos C. Alexopoulos,
Eleni Petsiou,
Kalliopi Keramida,
Agapi I. Doulgeraki,
Ismini-Maria Patsopoulou,
George-John E. Nychas,
Chrysoula C. Tassou
Affiliations
Emilia Papakonstantinou
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Nikolaos Zacharodimos
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Georgios Georgiopoulos
Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece
Christina Athanasaki
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Dionysia-Lydia Bothou
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Sofia Tsitsou
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Foteini Lympaki
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Stamatia Vitsou-Anastasiou
Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece
Olga S. Papadopoulou
Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece
Dimitrios Delialis
Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece
Evangelos C. Alexopoulos
Ergomneia Medical PCC, Ellispontou 11, 15669 Papagos, Greece
Eleni Petsiou
Henry Dunant Hospital, 107 Mesogeion Ave, 11526 Athens, Greece
Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Ismini-Maria Patsopoulou
Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece
George-John E. Nychas
Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
Chrysoula C. Tassou
Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece
This study examined the effects of orange juice (OJ) supplemented with vitamin D3 (2000 IU) and probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, 108 cfu/mL) on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults following a Westernized-type diet. Fifty-three high-risk individuals were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Over 8 weeks, one group consumed a vitamin D3 and probiotic-enriched OJ and the other regular OJ (control). Diets remained unchanged and were documented through food diaries. Measures of metabolic and inflammatory markers and blood pressure were measured at the start and end of the study. Post-intervention, the enriched OJ group showed the following significant metabolic improvements (without changes in triglycerides, inflammation, or central blood pressure): reduced fasting insulin, peripheral blood pressure, body weight (−1.4 kg 95% CI: −2.4, −0.4), energy (−270 kcal 95% CI: −553.2, −13.7), macronutrient (dietary fat −238 kcal 95% CI: −11.9, −1.0; carbohydrates −155 kcal 95% CI: −282.4, −27.3; sugars −16.1 g 95% CI: −11.9, −1.0) intake, and better lipid profiles (total cholesterol −10.3 mg/dL 95% CI: −21.4, 0.9; LDL-C −7 mg/dL 95% CI: −13.5, −0.5). The enriched OJ led to weight loss, less energy/macronutrient consumption, improved lipid profiles, and increased insulin sensitivity after 8 weeks in those following a Westernized diet, thus indicating potential benefits for cardiometabolic risk. This study was a part of FunJuice-T2EDK-01922, which was funded by the EU Regional Development Fund and Greek National Resources.