Universal skepticism of ChatGPT: a review of early literature on chat generative pre-trained transformer

Abstract

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ChatGPT, a new language model developed by OpenAI, has garnered significant attention in various fields since its release. This literature review provides an overview of early ChatGPT literature across multiple disciplines, exploring its applications, limitations, and ethical considerations. The review encompasses Scopus-indexed publications from November 2022 to April 2023 and includes 156 articles related to ChatGPT. The findings reveal a predominance of negative sentiment across disciplines, though subject-specific attitudes must be considered. The review highlights the implications of ChatGPT in many fields including healthcare, raising concerns about employment opportunities and ethical considerations. While ChatGPT holds promise for improved communication, further research is needed to address its capabilities and limitations. This literature review provides insights into early research on ChatGPT, informing future investigations and practical applications of chatbot technology, as well as development and usage of generative AI.

Keywords

• ChatGPT
• large language model (LLM)
• transformer
• GPT
• disruptive technology
• artificial intelligence