Asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural southwestern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives We aimed to identify the prevalence, bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural southwestern Nigeria. Methods We performed a hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients with T2DM and ASB. Demographic and clinical data were collected using questionnaires. Urine samples were cultured using standard laboratory procedures, and bacterial colonies were isolated and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed using the disc diffusion technique. Relationships between variables were assessed using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of the 280 participants, 73 (26.1%) had ASB (95% CI: 20.9%–31.2%). The most commonly identified isolate was E. coli (45/73; 61.7%), 100.0% of which were sensitive to cefuroxime but resistant to ciprofloxacin. Female sex (AOR, 6.132; 95% CI: 2.327–16.157), living below the poverty line (AOR, 2.066; 95% CI: 1.059–4.029), uncontrolled blood glucose (AOR, 2.097; 95% CI: 1.000–4.404), and a history of indwelling urethral catheterization (AOR, 14.521; 95% CI: 4.914–42.908) were associated with ASB. Conclusion The findings suggest that cefuroxime should be used as an empirical treatment, pending urine culture and sensitivity, and that efforts should be made to prevent ASB in rural southwestern Nigeria.