Biochar-bacteria partnership based on microbially induced calcite precipitation improves Cd immobilization and soil function

Abstract

Highlights A biochar-bacteria (2B) system was constructed based on MICP. Cd was immobilized (23.6–45.8%) in the 2B system. 2B system facilitated the formation of insoluble otavite (CdCO3). Bacteria carrying the ureC gene were boosted to lower the Cd mobility. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP)
• Biochar-bacteria system
• Cd immobilization
• Carbonate
• Nitrogen cycle