Influence of Monomer Structure, Initiation, and Porosity on Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics of Thiol‐ene PolyHIPEs

Abstract

Abstract Combining high internal phase emulsion templating with thiol‐ene click chemistry produces porous polymers with high yields and degradable ester linkages. This study compares the influence of the monomer functionalities (tri versus tetra), internal phase volume, and initiation type (photo versus thermal) on the morphological and mechanical properties of poly(high internal phase emulsions) (polyHIPEs). For the synthesis of the polyHIPEs pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP, tetrafunctional), trimethylolpropane tris(3‐mercaptopropionate) (TMPTMP, trifunctional), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA, tetrafunctional), and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA, trifunctional) are used. The main factors influencing the properties of the polyHIPEs are the monomer structures and the internal phase volume, while the initiation type influences the morphology of the trifunctional system (pore size and morphology type) resulting in an interconnected cellular morphology in all cases except in the case of the photopolymerization of the emulsion with 85 vol% of the internal phase. The average pore diameter of the trifunctional system ranges from 8.0 to 27.8 µm, while for the tetrafunctional system it ranges from 8.1 to 12.3 µm. The compression moduli of the trifunctional system range from 0.093 to 0.240 MPa and for the tetrafunctional system they range from 1.906 to 7.670 MPa. The compression moduli decrease with increasing internal phase volume (porosity).

Keywords

• mechanical properties
• morphology
• polyHIPE
• porous polymers
• thiol‐ene click reaction