HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF OSTEOCONDUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF FIBROUS NONWOVEN POLYMER MATRIX AT DIFFERENT TERMS OF BONE DEFECT REPLACEMENT IN THE EXPERIMENT

Abstract

Surgical interventions for various pathologies such as cysts of the jaws, chronic osteomyelitis and periodontitis often involve the use of osteoplastic materials to restore bone tissue. Their role is performed by a granular framework based on tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, but still the inability to restore a full-fledged bone structure remains a significant problem. In this regard, a new direction in reconstructive surgery has been formed – tissue engineering, the purpose of which is to restore biological functions, ie tissue regeneration, and not just its replacement with synthetic material. This approach allows you to purposefully manage the structural and functional state of cells involved in regenerative processes. The problem facing tissue engineering is to optimize the selection, reproduction and differentiation of cells, to construct matrices or delivery systems, contributing to the maintenance, coordination of tissue regeneration in three dimensions. Today in granular dental practice the role of matrices is performed by granular skeletons based on tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, but still the inability to restore a full-fledged bone structure remains a significant problem. One of the important criteria that must be taken into account when constructing a matrix is its ability to form an optimal substrate for substrate substrate. The purpose of the study is to experimentally assess the nature of the development of the microvasculature in all periods of subcutaneous implantation of a biopolymer fibrous matrix. The study was conducted on 50 laboratory animals (rabbits), which were divided into 2 groups. The first comparison group: 25 animals underwent surgery, which included the formation of a defect in the bone tissue. The second group: 25 animals developed a defect with subsequent implantation of a biopolymer matrix. Based on the histological studies, it was found that the formation of bone tissue occurred through the entire thickness of the fibrous polymer matrix in three mutually perpendicular directions. This fact is confirmed by the formation of a large proportion of osteoid in the early stages of regeneration. This in turn indicates a pronounced frame function of the polymeric microfiber matrix synthesized by us. That is, a group of polymer fibers creates a kind of substrate for the construction of tissues on it.

Keywords

• biopolymer
• bioimplant
• collagen fibers.