In order to assess in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility for nosocomial enterobacteria ESBL producers for patients in the Autonomous University Hospital Service ‘Antonio Patricio de Alcalá,’ 27 bacterial strains were collected in the ICU, neonatology, medicine and pediatric facilities during September-November 2005. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method. The highest number of nosocomial infections was found in ICU and neonatology with 10 (37.03%) and 7 (25.93%) cases, respectively; 44.44% of the positive cultures were isolated from secretions. K. pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated species (51.85%), followed by Enterobacter aerogenes with 18.52%. The greatest antimicrobial resistance in the betalactam group was obtained for ceftazidime (77.77%), cefotaxime (70.37%) and cefepime (40.74%); in the aminoglycosides group, for tobramycin and gentamycin, (44.44% and 40.74%, respectively); also, chloramphenicol (70.37%), tetracycline (51.85%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44.44%). These results could be useful to the medical community when taking into account guidelines for treatment and risk behavior modification, which facilitate the induction of resistance, such as abuse in prescribing antibiotics and unnecessary hospitalizations.
