Free‐Form Optical Fiber with a Square Mode and Top‐Hat Intensity Distribution

Abstract

Abstract The development of bend‐induced effectively single‐mode fiber with a square cross‐section and flat top‐hat intensity distribution is reported using core topology nanostructuring dedicated to femtosecond laser ablation systems. The fiber's core comprises 5419 silica and germanium‐doped silica nanorods with a diameter of 430 nm each arranged into a hexagonal lattice. The distribution of the rods is calculated using in‐house developed code based on the Monte Carlo algorithm to obtain a target shape of mode and intensity distribution. As a proof‐of‐concept, a silica nanostructured fiber with a 24 µm core is developed and verified against the purity of mode guidance, bending, and guiding losses. It is shown that for a wavelength of 1030 nm, the fiber is effectively single‐mode with 96% mode purity when bending with a radius of 20 cm is applied. The fiber has a measured mode area of 360 µm2, numerical aperture of 0.03, and total losses of 0.07 dB m−1.

Keywords

• effective medium theory
• free‐form fibers
• nanostructured fibers
• optical fibers