Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as Advanced Non-Aqueous Electrolytes for Safer Next Generation Lithium Batteries
Antía Santiago-Alonso,
José Manuel Sánchez-Pico,
Raquel San Emeterio,
María Villanueva,
Josefa Salgado,
Juan José Parajó
Affiliations
Antía Santiago-Alonso
NaFoMAT Research Group, Physic Faculty and Materials Institute (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de José María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
José Manuel Sánchez-Pico
NaFoMAT Research Group, Physic Faculty and Materials Institute (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de José María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
Raquel San Emeterio
NaFoMAT Research Group, Physic Faculty and Materials Institute (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de José María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
María Villanueva
NaFoMAT Research Group, Physic Faculty and Materials Institute (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de José María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
Josefa Salgado
NaFoMAT Research Group, Physic Faculty and Materials Institute (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de José María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
Juan José Parajó
NaFoMAT Research Group, Physic Faculty and Materials Institute (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de José María Suárez Núñez, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
In the current context of increasing energy demand, ionic liquids (ILs) are presented as possible candidates to replace conventional electrolytes and to develop more efficient energy storage devices. The IL 1-Methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide has been selected for this work, due to the good thermal and chemical stabilities and good electrochemical performance of the pyrrolidinium cation based ILs. Binary mixtures of this IL and lithium salt with the same anion, [TFSI], have been prepared with the aim of assessing them, as possible electrolytes for lithium batteries. These mixtures were thermally and electrochemically characterised through DSC and dielectric spectroscopy studies. The ionic conductivity decreases as the salt concentration increases, finding values ranging between 0.4 S/m and 0.1 S/m at room temperature. Additionally, a wide liquid range was found for the mixtures, which would reduce or even eliminate some of the most common problems of current electrolytes, such as their crystallisation at low temperatures and flammability. Finally, the toxicity of pure IL and the intermediate salt concentration was also evaluated in terms of the bioluminescence inhibition of the Alivibrio Fischeri bacteria, observing that, although the toxicity increases with the salt addition, both samples can be classified as practically harmless.
