Frontiers in Physiology (Sep 2023)

Effects of high-intensity interval training on lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in healthy old and young people

  • Cristian Caparrós-Manosalva,
  • Cristian Caparrós-Manosalva,
  • Cristian Caparrós-Manosalva,
  • Nicolás Garrido-Muñoz,
  • Nicolás Garrido-Muñoz,
  • Bastián Alvear-Constanzo,
  • Bastián Alvear-Constanzo,
  • Sofía Sanzana-Laurié,
  • Sofía Sanzana-Laurié,
  • Macarena Artigas-Arias,
  • Macarena Artigas-Arias,
  • Macarena Artigas-Arias,
  • Andrea Alegría-Molina,
  • Andrea Alegría-Molina,
  • Nicolás Vidal-Seguel,
  • Nicolás Vidal-Seguel,
  • Nicolás Vidal-Seguel,
  • Jessica Espinoza-Araneda,
  • Jessica Espinoza-Araneda,
  • Jessica Espinoza-Araneda,
  • Nolberto Huard,
  • Aline Souza Pagnussat,
  • Aline Souza Pagnussat,
  • Aline Souza Pagnussat,
  • Jorge Sapunar,
  • Luis A. Salazar,
  • Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr,
  • Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1223069
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14

Abstract

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Introduction: Whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in young and older people is still under discussion. This study aimed to determine the effect of HIIT on lean mass, maximal strength, rate of force development (RFD), and muscle power of both lower limbs in healthy young and older adults. Secondarily, to compare the effects of HIIT between dominant vs. non-dominant lower limbs of each group.Materials and methods: Healthy older (n = 9; 66 ± 6 years; BMI 27.1 ± 3.1 kg m−2) and young (n = 9; 21 ± 1 years; BMI 26.2 ± 2.8 kg m−2) men underwent 12 weeks of HIIT (3x/week) on a stationary bicycle. The evaluations were made before and after the HIIT program by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), anthropometry, force transducer and, Sit-to-Stand test. The outcomes analyzed were limb lean mass, thigh circumference, maximal voluntary isometric strength, RFD (Time intervals: 0–50, 50–100, 100–200, and 0–200 ms), and muscle power in both lower limbs.Results: After 12 weeks of HIIT, non-dominant limb (NDL) showed increase in limb lean mass (p < 0.05) but without interaction (time*group). HIIT showed a gain in absolute maximal strength and also when adjusted for thigh circumference in the dominant lower limb (DL) in both groups. The RFD0–200 ms showed differences between groups but without interaction. The RFD0–50 ms of the NDL showed post-training improvements (p < 0.05) in both groups. Only the older group showed differences between DL vs. NDL in most of the RFD obtained post-intervention. In addition, post-HIIT muscle power gain was observed in both groups (p < 0.05), but mainly in older adults.Conclusion: HIIT promotes increases in lean mass, maximal strength, early RFD, and lower limb muscle power in healthy older and young individuals. The differences shown between the DL and the NDL must be analyzed in future studies.

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