آب و فاضلاب (Jun 2023)
Developing an Optimal Chlorination Pattern in Water Distribution System Utilizing Meta-Heuristic Algorithms
Abstract
Control of residual chlorine concentration within a desirable range throughout water distribution systems can cause the destruction of potentially harmful pathogens without chlorine adverse health effects & its toxic by-products. Hence, optimal scheduling of booster chlorination stations in the WDSs to ensure healthy water supply with the lowest dose of chlorine consumption is vital. The aim of the present study is to develop a multi-objective optimization model in order to minimize the mass injection rate as well as the probability of chlorine violation in the WDSs, which has been implemented in the MATLAB-EPANET platform. Multi-objective krill herd and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithms have been utilized as optimizers to obtain the desired Pareto front in the real-scale Brushy Plains network. The resulted Pareto fronts showed that in most of their solutions, as long as the mass injection rate increased, the probability of chlorine violation decreased. In this study, the solution with the less PCV in each Pareto was selected as the optimal solution to assure the healthy water supply. Though the MOPSO resulted Pareto showed more solution diversity, MKH optimal solution has a better MIR function than MOPSO optimal solution with the same amount of PCV. Analyzing the residual chlorine concentration profiles of the monitoring period corresponding to the MKH optimal solution showed that the chlorine concentration of the most nodes of Brushy Plains network exist in the desirable range of 0.2 to 0.8 mg/L and the residual chlorine of 100% of nodes exist in the range of 0.2 to 1.6 mg/L. Also, the MKH results are superior to those of the previous studies in terms of the total mass injection rate. Generally, in addition to economic advantages, minimizing chlorine injection rate and the probability of chlorine violation simultaneously in the water distribution systems reduces the adverse health effects of the disinfectant by-products.
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