Medullary Sponge Kidney in a Paediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Medullary Sponge Kidney (MSK) is a rare disease which is characterised by dilatation of the collecting ducts in one or both kidneys. These patients are more prone to develop recurrent kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, repeated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (dRTA). Presentation is very uncommon in children, it usually presents at 10-30 years of life. Here we report a case of five-year-old boy who presented to us with the complaints of inadequate weight gain and short stature. Patient was consistently having hypokalemia with normal anion gap metabolic acidosis and laboratory features were suggestive of dRTA. Computed tomography of abdomen revealed bilateral nephrocalcinosis with increased medullary echogenicity consistent with MSK. Patient was started on oral alkali therapy and showed significant improvement in growth.

Keywords

• distal renal tubular acidosis
• hypokalemia
• nephrocalcinosis