The effect of age on full-field electroretinograms recorded with skin electrodes

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether age correlates with amplitude and latency, when full-field electroretinography (ERG) is performed using skin electrodes. The ability of pulse reference power line noise reduction (PURE) to dampen the noise associated with the use of skin electrodes, was also investigated. Methods: ERG was performed on 77 eyes in 77 healthy subjects (mean age: 55.6±19.0 years; age range: 9 to 86 years). Subjects with –5D or higher myopia, Emery-Little grade III or higher cataracts, retinal disease, uveitis, glaucoma, ≤5 mm mydriasis, or a history of intraocular surgery other than cataract surgery, were excluded. The active, reference, and ground electrodes were placed on the lower eyelid, outer canthus, and earlobe, respectively. Responses were averaged 10 times for dark-adapted (DA) ERGs, and 32 to 64 times for light-adapted (LA) ERGs. Noise was removed using the PURE method. Results: The DA ERGs without PURE were so noisy that the amplitude or latency could not be determined, whereas those with PURE were comparatively quieter. ERG with PURE demonstrated a significant negative correlation between age and amplitude and a significant positive correlation between age and latency. Conclusions: We could record the measurable ERG waveforms with skin electrodes by using the PURE method, especially in fewer averaged conditions. It is suggested that skin electrode with PURE is suitable to examine the pathological ERGs, and other types of electrodes. It is recommended that the aging effect should be taken into consideration when pathological ERGs are evaluated.

Keywords

• international society for clinical electrophysiology of vision
• electroretinography
• skin electrode
• aging
• photopic negative response