Pharmaceuticals (Apr 2024)

The Role of α-Enolase on the Production of Interleukin (IL)-32 in Con A-Mediated Inflammation and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

  • Hyejung Jo,
  • Seulgi Shin,
  • Tomoyo Agura,
  • Seoyoun Jeong,
  • Hyovin Ahn,
  • Junmyung Lee,
  • Yejin Kim,
  • Jae Seung Kang

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17040531
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 4
p. 531

Abstract

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Interleukin (IL)-32 is produced by T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes, and epithelial cells. IL-32 induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and IL-32 expression is highly increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Enolase-1 (ENO1) is a glycolytic enzyme and the stimulation of ENO1 induces high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in concanavalin A (Con A)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages in RA patients. In addition, there are many reports that anti-ENO1 antibody is correlated with the disease progression of RA. It implies that ENO1 could regulate IL-32 production during inflammation related to the pathogenesis of RA. Therefore, we investigated the role of ENO1 in IL-32 production using Con A-activated PBMCs and RA PBMCs. IL-32 expression is increased by ENO1 stimulation using real-time PCR and ELISA. In addition, we confirmed that IL-32 production was decreased in Con A-activated PBMCs and RA PBMCs pre-treated with NF-κB or p38 MAPK pathway inhibitors. Taken together, these results suggest that ENO1 plays an important role in inflammation through the induction of IL-32 production by the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.

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