Salivary MMP-9 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus
Romaisa Arshad,
Waleed A. Ismail,
Batool Zara,
Rabia Naseer,
Sadia Minhas,
Moeez Ansari,
Fatema Akhter,
Saria A. Khokhar,
Abdullah Ali Alqahtani,
Huda Abutayyem,
Haytham Jamil Alswairki,
Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Affiliations
Romaisa Arshad
Department of Oral Pathology, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Waleed A. Ismail
Department of Periodontics, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Batool Zara
Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Foundation University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Rabia Naseer
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
Sadia Minhas
Department of Oral Pathology, Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 53720, Pakistan
Moeez Ansari
Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
Fatema Akhter
Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 11512, Saudi Arabia
Saria A. Khokhar
Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Foundation University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Abdullah Ali Alqahtani
Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Huda Abutayyem
Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
Haytham Jamil Alswairki
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
Chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship, the common factor being the inflammatory-mediated pathway, and various cytokines are released during this inflammatory cascade, one of which being matrix metalloproteinase-9. The aim of this study was to identify whether the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 are increased due to type-II diabetes mellitus in chronic periodontitis patients. It was an observational, analytical, case-control study. Thirty subjects were recruited in the test group, who were suffering from type-II diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis, and 30 subjects in the control group, who were subjects with chronic periodontitis but systemically healthy. Periodontal parameters, including the plaque score, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level of the subjects, were measured, saliva samples of all of the subjects were collected and salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24. Overall, the matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels of the diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis were increased almost twofold (156.95 ± 29.80 ng/mL) compared to the levels in the controls (74.96 ± 6.32 ng/mL) (p p p p < 0.001). It was ascertained that there is a two-fold increase in the levels of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the test group compared to the control group. In addition, the level of periodontal apparatus destruction was greater in the test group. This proved that type-II diabetes mellitus influences the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in humans and elevates them, causing further periodontal destruction.
