An Overview of the Conventional and Novel Methods Employed for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Measurement
Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha,
Helenita Costa Quadros,
Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes,
Luana Pereira Gonçalves,
Roberto José da Silva Badaró,
Milena Botelho Pereira Soares,
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
Affiliations
Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha
Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service—Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
Helenita Costa Quadros
Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute—Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service—Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
Luana Pereira Gonçalves
Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service—Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
Roberto José da Silva Badaró
Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service—Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service—Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service—Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the pandemic that started in 2020. The virus enters the host cell through the interaction of its spike glycoprotein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on the host cell’s surface. Antibodies present an important role during the infection and pathogenesis due to many reasons, including the neutralization of viruses by binding to different spike epitopes. Therefore, measuring the neutralizing antibody titers in the whole population is important for COVID-19’s epidemiology. Different methods are described in the literature, and some have been used to validate the main vaccines used worldwide. In this review, we discuss the main methods used to quantify neutralizing antibody titers, their advantages and limitations, as well as new approaches to determineACE2/spike blockage by antibodies.
