Bronchiectasis in pediatrics

Abstract

Bronchiectasis in children is a long-term respiratory condition defined by a persistent productive cough, airway infection, and inflammation, with visible bronchial dilatation on chest computed tomography. It has a profound impact on children’s well-being, daily life, and family economy. Prompt diagnosis is crucial, as early treatment can prevent progression and even reverse some changes. The condition’s presentation and outcomes vary depending on the underlying causes, disease severity, and social or economic background. Thorough investigations to identify the underlying etiology are essential for optimizing treatment and preventing further lung damage. Pediatric bronchiectasis differs significantly from the adult form, with differences in diagnostic criteria, etiology, and treatment strategies. Although it is a substantial burden, bronchiectasis in children remains an under-researched area, highlighting the need for more focused efforts to improve care and reduce disparities. This narrative review explores the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of bronchiectasis in children.

Keywords

• Bronchiectasis. Children. Pediatrics. Infection. Inflammation.