Drug Design, Development and Therapy (May 2021)
Enhanced Accumulation of Cisplatin in Ovarian Cancer Cells from Combination with Wedelolactone and Resulting Inhibition of Multiple Epigenetic Drivers
Abstract
Sadia Sarwar,1,2 Abir A Alamro,3 Amani A Alghamdi,3 Komal Naeem,4 Salamat Ullah,5 Muazzam Arif,6 Jun Qing Yu,1 Fazlul Huq7 1Discipline of Biomedical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; 3Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; 5Acute Medicine, Northampton General Hospital, NHS, UK; 6Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 7Eman Research Journal, Eman Research, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaCorrespondence: Sadia SarwarRiphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, G-7-4, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PakistanTel +92 333 5565889Email [email protected]: Cisplatin resistance is a major concern in ovarian cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate if wedelolactone could perform better in resistant ovarian cancer cells when used in combination with cisplatin.Methods: Growth inhibitory potential of wedelolactone and cisplatin was investigated through MTT reduction assay in ovarian cancer cell lines including A2780 (sensitive), A2780cisR (cisplatin resistant) and A2780ZD0473R. Resistance factor (RF) of drugs was determined in these three cell lines. Combination index (CI) was calculated as a measure of combined drug action. Effect of this combination on changes in the cellular accumulation of platinum levels and platinum-DNA binding was also determined in vitro using AutoDock Vina while the effect of wedelolactone on inhibition of possible key culprits of resistance including Chk1, CD73, AT tip60, Nrf2, Brd1, PCAF, IGF1, mTOR1 and HIF2α was investigated in silico.Results: Cisplatin and wedelolactone showed a dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect. RF value of wedelolactone was 1.1 in the case of A2780cisR showing its potential to bring more cell death in cisplatin-resistant cells. CI values were found to vary showing antagonistic to additive outcomes. Additive effect was observed for all sequences of administration (0/0, 0/4 and 4/0 h) in A2780cisR. Enhanced cellular accumulation of cisplatin was observed in parent and resistant cells on combination. Docking results revealed that among the selected oncotargets, Chk1, CD73, Nrf2, PCAF and AT tip60 were more vulnerable to wedelolactone than their respective standard inhibitors.Conclusion: These findings have shown that additive outcome of drug combination in A2780cisR and raised levels of platinum accumulation followed a clear pattern. This observation indicates that the presence of wedelolactone might have contributed to sensitize A2780cisR. However, in silico results point to the possible effects of this compound on epigenetic factors involving tumor microenvironment, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and immune-checkpoint kinases.Keywords: coumestan, chemotherapy resistance, growth inhibition, A2780
