ACE ID gene polymorphism contributes to chronic kidney disease progression but not NOS3 gene among Type 2 diabetes with nephropathy patients

Abstract

Aim: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major life-threatening complications of diabetes and it leads to end-stage renal disease. Altered angiotension converting enzyme and nitric oxide synthase are probably the cause of initiation and the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The present study aims to investigate the effect of ACE ID and NOS3 VNTR gene polymorphisms on the progression of chronic kidney disease among diabetic nephropathy. Methods: 253 DN patients and 104 controls were genotyped for ACE ID and NOS3 VNTR polymorphisms by following PCR-RFLP method. The diabetic nephropathy cases were divided into two groups based on CKD stages: 138 DN cases were at early stage (CKD1 to CKD3) and 115 DN cases were at advanced stage (CKD4 and CKD5). Association χ2 and univariate analysis were performed. Results: A significant difference was found in genotype frequencies of ACE ID and NOS3 VNTR polymorphisms between the DN patients and the controls. On univariate analysis, the DD genotype of ACE gene was found to have a significant association with the advancement of CKD in DN (OR=0.37; 95 % CI=0.14–0.94; p=0.033). Conclusions: The results suggest the association of ACE ID and NOS3 VNTR polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy in South Indian population. Furthermore, the present study evidences the association between DD genotype of ACE gene and advancement of CKD progression in DN.

Keywords

• ACE ID
• CKD progression
• diabetic nephropathy
• gene polymorphism
• NOS3 VNTR