Comparison of Uric Acid Levels in Hypertensive Patients with and without Heart Disease: A Case-control Study

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertensive heart disease is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Uric Acid (UA) is an end product of purine metabolism in humans and higher serum UA is a potential independent risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Aim: To compare the levels of serum UA in hypertensive individuals with and without cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done at RIMS, Telangana, India from October to December 2021 including 50 individuals with hypertension and without CVD enrolled as controls and 100 individuals with Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) as cases. The HHD cases were subdivided into group 2A (age 55 years). Samples were collected and analysed for UA, lipid profile, serum creatinine, fasting blood sugar, etc. Independent samples t-test was used for statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0.1.1 (15). Results: Males and females were taken in a ratio of 1:1. Mean age for control group was 54.6±9.6 years, for HHD ≤55 years was 50±3.232 and for HHD >55 years was 63.26±6.137 years. In males, mean values of serum UA was 5.1±0.5 mg/dL in controls, 9.2±1.0 mg/dL in HHD ≤55 years (p-value=0.03), 6.4±0.8 mg/dL in HHD >55 years (p-value=0.1). In females, mean values of serum UA was 4.8±0.4 mg/dL in controls, 10.5±0.4 mg/dL in HHD ≤55 years (p-value=0.009), 6.9±0.5 mg/dL in HHD >55 years (p-value=0.09) Standard Deviation (SD). Serum UA levels were significantly higher in patients of HHD less than 55 years of age than that of controls. Conclusion: Based upon the findings of the study, it was concluded that hypertensive individuals with cardiac disease had higher levels of serum UA than controls, especially in females.

Keywords

• blood pressure
• cardiovascular disease
• lipid profile
• purine metabolism