Epidemiological status and characteristics of common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus among 1.15 million patients in Beijing area

Abstract

Objective To investigate the epidemiological status and characteristics of common comorbidities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Beijing. Methods A total of 1 156 965 patients diagnosed with T2DM in 2017 in Beijing were recruited, and their outpatient and inpatient records at all levels of hospitals from 2016 to 2017 were collated and analyzed. The prevalence of 9 comorbidities in this population was described, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, chronic kidney disease, severe hearing loss, depression, retinopathy and obstructive pulmonary disease. The differences among different genders and age groups were subsequently compared. Results The enrolled patients were at a mean age of 61.28±13.14 years, and the males accounted for 51.93%. Of them, 29.02% had at least 1 comorbidity. The prevalence of comorbidities was increased with age, and the females had a higher prevalence of comorbidities than the males (P < 0.01). The 4 major comorbidities with the highest prevalence were hypertension (20.16%), depression (6.15%), ischemic heart disease (3.52%) and stroke (3.27%) in order. The females were more likely to suffer from hypertension and depression (P < 0.01), while the males from ischemic heart disease, stroke, obstructive lung disease, lung cancer and chronic kidney disease (P < 0.01). The percentage of patients with 2 or more kinds of comorbidities accounted for 4.59%. The most commonly combined 2 diseases were hypertension with depression (1.75%), hypertension with stroke (1.25%), and hypertension with ischemic heart disease (1.16%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension and stroke in the males (1.51%), and hypertension and depression in the females (2.12%). Conclusion T2DM patients are prone to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as well as depression. The females are more likely to be accompanied with hypertension and depression, while the males with diseases of other systems and organs, and have relatively poor prognosis.

Keywords

• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• comorbidities
• prevalence
• co-prevalence