Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока (Aug 2017)
The development of bionic trends in agricultural mechanics
Abstract
Prerequisites for the use of ideas of nature at the creation of agricultural machinery founded by academician V.P. Goryachkin, Professor A.N. Gudkov and other scientists. We have proposed a new bionic direction in agricultural mechanics, which consists in using the principles and techniques of bionics for the justification of working processes of agricultural machines and their working bodies. A living biological system “soil-plant-atmosphere” is considered in which the artificial deformer - working body tillage tools is introduced during the process of acting. All parameters of the generated tillage of the working body should be obtained on the basis of bionic modeling a biological prototype operating in this system. For bionic modeling of the working bodies of tillage machines the closest biological prototypes limbs are burrowing animals and insect burrowing animals and aquatic organisms. Study of the jaw apparatus of birds was given the opportunity to justify the form of bits on the high-speed cultivator claws in the form of a bird beak. The peculiar structure of the claws and teeth of animals as a combination of layers of different hardness is used in the creation of self-sharpening plowshares and hoes. The study of movement paws of the siberian zokor and marmot helped to determine the kinematics of the blades of the working bodies of milling cutter for processing the reclamation of sodic soils. The analysis of the principle of the movement of earthworm and structure of the main elements of its body design developed of the flexible harrows, the teeth of which are formed by the setae of the worm. The principle of creation moves worms in dense soil underlying the design of vibration-impact chisel working body. Prototype with digging limb of a mole, pink armadillo, mole crickets and rhinoceros beetle have developed a new design cultivator working bodies with teeth on the tines and the rack. Determination of the optimal shape and parameters of the frontal surface of the slope of the lines is allowed to create new constructive scheme of flat-cutting tillage of the working body, which consists of a frame and a knife mounted on two vertical posts.
