Drug Design, Development and Therapy (Jan 2024)
In vitro and in vivo Biological Evaluation of Newly Tacrine-Selegiline Hybrids as Multi-Target Inhibitors of Cholinesterases and Monoamine Oxidases for Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Shu-Tong Huang,1,2,* Jin-Chong Luo,1,3,* Guo-Hui Zhong,1,2 Li-Ping Teng,4 Cai-Yan Yang,4 Chun-Li Tang,1 Lin Jing,1 Zhong-Bo Zhou,4 Jing Liu,1,3 Neng Jiang1,2 1Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jing Liu, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 56, Yangming Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Neng Jiang, Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-17307711726, Email [email protected]: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its multifactorial nature increases the difficulty of medical research. To explore an effective treatment for AD, a series of novel tacrine-selegiline hybrids with ChEs and MAOs inhibitory activities were designed and synthesized as multifunctional drugs.Methods: All designed compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibition of cholinesterases (AChE/BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A/B) along with their blood-brain barrier permeability. Then, further biological activities of the optimizing compound 7d were determined, including molecular model analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity, acute toxicity studies in vivo, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic property studies in vivo.Results: Most synthesized compounds demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against ChEs/MAOs. Particularly, compound 7d exhibited good and well-balanced activity against ChEs (hAChE: IC50 = 1.57 μM, hBuChE: IC50 = 0.43 μM) and MAOs (hMAO-A: IC50 = 2.30 μM, hMAO-B: IC50 = 4.75 μM). Molecular modeling analysis demonstrated that 7d could interact simultaneously with both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE in a mixed-type manner and also exhibits binding affinity towards BuChE and MAO-B. Additionally, 7d displayed excellent permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and under the experimental conditions, it elicited low or no toxicity toward PC12 and BV-2 cells. Furthermore, 7d was not acutely toxic in mice at doses up to 2500 mg/kg and could improve the cognitive function of mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Lastly, 7d possessed well pharmacokinetic characteristics.Conclusion: In light of these results, it is clear that 7d could potentially serve as a promising multi-functional drug for the treatment of AD. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, multi-target, designed
