Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (Sep 2024)
Study on the influence of topography on wind shear numerical simulations based on WRF–CALMET
Abstract
This study focuses on the critical issue of low-altitude wind shear, which is vital for aircraft safety during takeoff and landing. Using the WRF–CALMET model, we assess the impact of topography on low-level wind shear at Zhongchuan Airport. CALMET outperforms WRF, showing improved simulation accuracy. CALMET's simulation highlights diurnal variations in vertical wind shear, which are especially pronounced from 13:00 to 24:00 CST (China standard time, UTC+8). Notably, CALMET indicates wind shear that is one to two hazard levels higher for aircraft operations compared to WRF over a significant area. Terrain sensitivity experiments reveal CALMET's responsiveness to terrain changes during high-wind-shear periods, with reduced impact at higher altitudes. CALMET's incorporation of kinematic terrain influences, blocking effects, slope flow, and strengthened diversion of near-surface airflow on complex terrain contribute to these findings. This study confirms the efficacy of CALMET in simulating low-altitude wind shear, emphasizing its superiority in capturing terrain influences and reducing the aviation safety threat posed by low-altitude wind shear.