Essential Oil Blends with or without Fumaric Acid Influenced In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Greenhouse Gas Emission, and Volatile Fatty Acids Production of a Total Mixed Ration
Joel O. Alabi,
Deborah O. Okedoyin,
Chika C. Anotaenwere,
Michael Wuaku,
DeAndrea Gray,
Oludotun O. Adelusi,
Kelechi A. Ike,
Lydia K. Olagunju,
Peter A. Dele,
Uchenna Y. Anele
Affiliations
Joel O. Alabi
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Deborah O. Okedoyin
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Chika C. Anotaenwere
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Michael Wuaku
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
DeAndrea Gray
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Oludotun O. Adelusi
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Kelechi A. Ike
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Lydia K. Olagunju
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Peter A. Dele
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
Uchenna Y. Anele
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
The growing interest in improving rumen fermentation and mitigating methane emissions necessitates the use of essential oil blends (EOB) and fumaric acid (FA). This study evaluated the synergistic effect of four EOB with or without FA supplementation on in vitro dry matter digestibility, greenhouse gas emission, and total volatile fatty acid production using inoculum from three rumen-cannulated Black Angus beef cows. The study was arranged in a 4 × 2 + 1 factorial design to evaluate the effects of the four EOB and two FA levels on a total mixed ration (TMR). The EOB dosage was 100 µL while FA was added at 3% of total mixed ration. The EOB × FA interaction (p p p p p p p = 0.004) by 65.7 and 57.9%, respectively. The EOB × FA interaction was significant (p p = 0.02) the acetate concentration by 4%. In summary, the synergistic effect of the EOB and FA offers an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emission and enhance total volatile fatty acids.
