Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
Rosa G Castanon
Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
Joseph R Nery
Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
Amir Rattner
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) function depends on appropriate organ-specific molecular and cellular specializations. To explore genomic mechanisms that control this specialization, we have analyzed and compared the transcriptome, accessible chromatin, and DNA methylome landscapes from mouse brain, liver, lung, and kidney ECs. Analysis of transcription factor (TF) gene expression and TF motifs at candidate cis-regulatory elements reveals both shared and organ-specific EC regulatory networks. In the embryo, only those ECs that are adjacent to or within the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit canonical Wnt signaling, which correlates precisely with blood-brain barrier (BBB) differentiation and Zic3 expression. In the early postnatal brain, single-cell RNA-seq of purified ECs reveals (1) close relationships between veins and mitotic cells and between arteries and tip cells, (2) a division of capillary ECs into vein-like and artery-like classes, and (3) new endothelial subtype markers, including new validated tip cell markers.
