Temporal trends of stomach cancer between 2010 and 2019 in Asian countries by geographical region and socio-demographic index: a comparison with global data

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the trends in stomach cancer (SC) incidence, mortality, and burden in Asia from 2010 to 2019 and compare them with global data. Materials and Methods: We collected SC data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 2010 to 2019 in 49 countries and territories in Asia. Annual case data and age-standardized rates (ASRs) were used to investigate SC incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2010 to 2019. Comparative variations of age-standardized rates for the indicators studied were shown using the relative difference (%) between years. Results: In 2019, more than 70% of SC cases and deaths, prevalence, and DALYs occurred in Asian countries. From 2010 to 2019, incidences, deaths, and the prevalence of SC cases increased by 1.1, 1.03, 1.2, and Daly’s number decreased by 0.12-fold, in Asia. During this period, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and the age-standardized DALYs rate (DALYs ASR) of SC decreased by 18%, 23%, and 24%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) increased by 9%. These trends, at the same time, were similar to the trends of global data and other continents. In 2019, age-specific incidence and death cases of SC cancer were peaking at 70-74 years, and prevalence and DALY cases were peaking at 65–69 years. In 2019, the highest ASIR, ASDR, and DALYs ASR of SC were observed in East Asia countries and the highest ASPR in High-income Asia Pacific countries. While all countries experienced a decreasing trend in ASIR and DALYs ASR, the trends for ASPR were increasing in some countries from 2010 to 2019. In 2019, among the high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) Asian countries, the Republic of Korea had the highest ASIR and ASPR, and Brunei Darussalam had the highest ASDR and DALYs ASR. Among high-middle SDIs, Kazakhstan had the highest ASIR, ASDR, and ASPR, and Georgia had the highest DALYs ASR; among middle SDIs, China had the highest ASIR and ASPR, and Azerbaijan had the highest ASDR and DALYs ASR; among low-middle SDIs, Mongolia had the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of SC cancer. Among low SDI Asian countries, Afghanistan had the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of SC cancer. For four indicators, in most countries, the ratio of men was higher than women. Conclusions: Despite the decreasing trend observed in the age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and burden of stomach cancer in Asia, more than 70% of the burden caused by stomach cancer is imposed on Asian countries. Therefore, knowing the risk factors and behavioral habits that lead to the difference in stomach cancer statistics in Asia compared to other countries is pivotal to implement preventive strategies.

Keywords

• stomach cancer
• asia
• incidence
• prevalence
• death
• burden