Cross-sectional study evaluating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers and factors associated with exposure during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York

Abstract

Objective Estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among New York City Health and Hospitals (NYC H+H) healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and describe demographic and occupational factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers.Design Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of data from SARS-CoV-2 serological tests accompanied by a demographic and occupational survey administered to healthcare workers.Setting A large, urban public healthcare system in NYC.Participants Participants were employed by NYC H+H and either completed serological testing at NYC H+H between 30 April 2020 and 30 June 2020, or completed SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing outside of NYC H+H and were able to self-report results from the same time period.Primary outcome measure SARS-CoV-2 serostatus, stratified by key demographic and occupational characteristics reported through the demographic and occupational survey.Results Seven hundred and twenty-seven survey respondents were included in analysis. Participants had a mean age of 46 years (SD=12.19) and 543 (75%) were women. Two hundred and fourteen (29%) participants tested positive or reported testing positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG+). Characteristics associated with positive SARS-CoV-2 serostatus were Black race (25% IgG +vs 15% IgG−, p=0.001), having someone in the household with COVID-19 symptoms (49% IgG +vs 21% IgG−, p<0.001), or having a confirmed COVID-19 case in the household (25% IgG +vs 5% IgG−, p<0.001). Characteristics associated with negative SARS-CoV-2 serostatus included working on a COVID-19 patient floor (27% IgG +vs 36% IgG−, p=0.02), working in the intensive care unit (20% IgG +vs 28% IgG−, p=0.03), being employed in a clinical occupation (64% IgG +vs 78% IgG−, p<0.001) or having close contact with a patient with COVID-19 (51% IgG +vs 62% IgG−, p=0.03).Conclusions Results underscore the significance that community factors and inequities might have on SARS-CoV-2 exposure for healthcare workers.