Dual intra-arterial vasodilators in the management of post-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage vasospasm

Abstract

Objective: Endovascular chemical angioplasty has been in practice in patients with symptomatic cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in many neurosurgical centres. However, the evidence base is derived from clinical case series and expert consensus. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate the immediate and functional outcomes of endovascular intervention in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage cerebral vasospasm treated with a combination of vasodilators. Methods: A cohort of 25 patients was identified. Each patient underwent surgical clipping, and endovascular treatment for vasospasm. A combination of Verapamil and Nimodipine was intra-arterially administered. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the rate of response. The angiographic response and functional outcome on discharge (modified Rankin score - MRS) were used as markers of outcome. Results: The study cohort consisted of 25 patients with a mean age of 50.3 (SD 11.2). A total of 135 therapeutic DSA’s were performed. There was an associated between MRS outcomes and number of vasodilation’s each patient received. For each additional vasodilation episode, the odds of a poor outcome increased by 1.190. An angiographic response was demonstrated in 88% of patients, a clinical response in 27%. A good functional outcome was achieved in 17/25, 71% at discharge. Conclusion: The combination therapy of Intra-arterial nimodipine and verapamil in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage vasospasm appears to have a synergistic, if not comparable, outcome to from solitary vasodilatory treatment results and potentially promote future studies with prospective designs to measure the outcomes.

Keywords

• aSAH
• Cerebral vasospasm
• Intra-arterial calcium channel blockers