Oxidative Stress, Reductive Stress and Antioxidants in Vascular Pathogenesis and Aging
Mitko Mladenov,
Lubomir Lubomirov,
Olaf Grisk,
Dimiter Avtanski,
Vadim Mitrokhin,
Iliyana Sazdova,
Milena Keremidarska-Markova,
Yana Danailova,
Georgi Nikolaev,
Rossitza Konakchieva,
Hristo Gagov
Affiliations
Mitko Mladenov
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
Lubomir Lubomirov
Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
Olaf Grisk
Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
Dimiter Avtanski
Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
Vadim Mitrokhin
Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
Iliyana Sazdova
Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Milena Keremidarska-Markova
Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Yana Danailova
Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Georgi Nikolaev
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Rossitza Konakchieva
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Hristo Gagov
Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
This review is focused on the mechanisms that regulate health, disease and aging redox status, the signal pathways that counteract oxidative and reductive stress, the role of food components and additives with antioxidant properties (curcumin, polyphenols, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc.), and the role of the hormones irisin and melatonin in the redox homeostasis of animal and human cells. The correlations between the deviation from optimal redox conditions and inflammation, allergic, aging and autoimmune responses are discussed. Special attention is given to the vascular system, kidney, liver and brain oxidative stress processes. The role of hydrogen peroxide as an intracellular and paracrine signal molecule is also reviewed. The cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), cylindrospermopsin, microcystins and nodularins are introduced as potentially dangerous food and environment pro-oxidants.
