Nutrición Hospitalaria (Dec 2012)
Factores fisiológicos y sociales asociados a la masa corporal de jóvenes mexicanos con discapacidad intelectual Physiological and social factors associated with increments of body mass of Mexican young people with intellectual disabilities
Abstract
Introducción: Estudios sobre el estado de salud y nutrición de Mexicanos con discapacidad intelectual (DI) incluyendo aquellos con Síndrome de Down (SD), son escasos. Objetivo: Analizar algunos factores fisiológicos y sociales asociados a la masa corporal de jóvenes con DI del norte de México. Métodos: A 57 jóvenes con DI (17 ± 5 años, SD = 16%) y al menos uno de sus tutores, se les midió su peso, talla, y otras variables antropométricas. Se determinó su IMC (kg/m²), somatotipo y estado nutricio mediante 3 criterios internacionales y glucosa, colesterol total y triacilglicéridos plasmáticos. Al tutor se le aplicó un cuestionario socioeconómico, de inseguridad alimentaria y conocimientos de nutrición. Resultados: Los participantes con SD eran 12 cm más pequeños y median 6 mm más de pliegue subscapular (PSECP) que aquellos con otra DI (p Introduction: Studies on the state of health and nutrition of Mexicans with intellectual disability (ID) including those with Down syndrome (DS), are scarce. Objective: To analyze some physiological and social factors associated with the body mass of young people with ID from northern México. Methods: Body weight, height and other anthropometric values were measured in fifty seven young (17 ± 5 years) participants with ID (DS,16%) and at least one guardian. BMI (kg/m²), somatotype and nutritional status were established by three international standards and total blood glucose, cholesterol & triacylglycerides, were also analyzed. Guardian's socio-economic, household food insecurity and nutrition literacy status were estimated with validated questionnaires by direct interview. Results: Participants with SD were 12 cm smaller but subscapular skinfold (SECPS) was 6 mm thicker than that from other ID participants (p < 0.05). Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 70 and 44%, respectively. Blood biochemicals were similar between groups, but 25% had dyslipidemias. Participant's BMI correlated (p < 0,01) with several anthropometric & adiposity indicators (r = 0,40 a 0,88 ), blood triglycerides (r = 0,48 ) and cholesterol (r = 0,44) and guardians & participants' age (r = 0,35). The spending in food correlated (p < 0.05) with participant's SECPS (r = -0.33). The circumference of the waist, hip, calf and PSECP, 89% of the variance of the BMI explained. Conclusion: The body mass of young people with DI from northern Mexico, is strongly related to the degree of body adiposity, dyslipidemias, and some socio-economic factors of their family environment.
