Antonio Gramsci e a organização da escola italiana (1922-1932)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the educational thought of Antonio Gramsci (1981-1937) about the Italian school organization between the years 1922 and 1932 and historically contextualizes the gramscian analysis and marks the ripening of his ideas presented in Quaderni del Carcere. Gramsci analyzed the educational reform of the fascist State, known as 'Gentile Reform' (1922-1923) and pointed out that it was returned to the maintenance of cultural privileges of one group over the other, preventing the access of the subalterns to the university and the humanistic culture. Promoted by Giovanni Gentile (1875-1944) and Giuseppe Lombardo-Radice (1879-1938), the Italian school organization was regarded as democratic, because it extended the offer of vocational education and allowed the entry of the subalterns in the job market. In Notebook 12, Gramsci (2007) criticized the Italian school organization and its seemingly democratic character and proposed the creation of a single school, forming the general culture, humanistic, philosophical, and disinterested in the immediate formation of the worker.