Green Synthesized Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Increased Oxidative Stress and Induced Cell Death in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells
Cristina Bidian,
Gabriela Adriana Filip,
Luminița David,
Bianca Moldovan,
Diana Olteanu,
Simona Clichici,
Maria-Cristina Olănescu-Vaida-Voevod,
Cristian Leostean,
Sergiu Macavei,
Dana Maria Muntean,
Mihai Cenariu,
Adriana Albu,
Ioana Baldea
Affiliations
Cristina Bidian
Department of Physiology, ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Gabriela Adriana Filip
Department of Physiology, ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Luminița David
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bianca Moldovan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Diana Olteanu
Department of Physiology, ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Simona Clichici
Department of Physiology, ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Maria-Cristina Olănescu-Vaida-Voevod
Department of Physiology, ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Cristian Leostean
National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donath St., No. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Sergiu Macavei
National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donath St., No. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Dana Maria Muntean
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Mihai Cenariu
Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Adriana Albu
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Ioana Baldea
Department of Physiology, ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
The research investigated the effect of gold (Au-CM) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-CM) phytoreduced with Cornus mas fruit extract (CM) on a human colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cell line. The impact of nanoparticles on the viability of DLD-1 tumor cells and normal cells was evaluated. Oxidative stress and cell death mechanisms (annexin/propidium iodide analysis, caspase-3 and caspase-8 levels, p53, BCL-2, BAX, NFkB expressions) as well as proliferation markers (Ki-67, PCNA and MAPK) were evaluated in tumor cells. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by measuring zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses were also performed. The nanoparticles induced apoptosis and necrosis of DLD-1 cells and reduced cell proliferation, especially Ag-CM, while on normal cells, both nanoparticles maintained their viability up to 80%. Ag-CM and Au-CM increased the expressions of p53 and NFkB in parallel with the downregulation of BCL-2 protein and induced the activation of caspase-8, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in cell death. Lipid peroxidation triggered by Ag-CM was correlated with tumor cell necrosis rate. Both nanoparticles obtained with phytocompounds from the CM extract protected normal cells and induced the death of DLD-1 tumor cells, especially by apoptosis.
